Geronimo

Of them all, Geronimo is the name most recognized today, over 100 years after his death – perhaps appropriate, given that his small band was the last of the independent  Indian1 warriors who had refused to accept the United States occupation of the American West.

geronimo1

Age 74, ©1June 2, 1903

geronimo2

Photo by Warren Mack Oliver, ©1907

geronimo4

Age 78, ©1906

geronimo3

Photo by H. H. Clark, between 1900 and 1909. Women describe variously as “two nieces” or “a daughter and a niece.”

geronimo5

1907 photo by A.B. Canady, Altoona, Kas.

geronimo6

Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, Omaha, Nebraska. Photo by Frank A. Rinehart or his assistant Adolph F. Muhr ©1898

 

With a well-known historical figure such as Geronimo, there is a wealth of information – and misinformation – available online.  Rather recreating any of that here, I will simply offer  Geronimo’s Story of His Life, published posthumously in 1915, opening on page 17, Chapter III, Early Life:


1According to a 1995 U.S. Census Bureau set of home interviews, most of the respondents with an expressed preference refer to themselves as “American Indians” or simply “Indians”; this term has been adopted by major newspapers and some academic groups, but does not traditionally include Native Hawaiians or certain Alaskan Natives, such as Aleut, Yup’ik, or Inuit peoples. (Wikipedia)


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geronimo5 geronimo4 geronimo3 geronimo6 geronimo2 geronimo1

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Apache (Just a sample of what’s available on a Google search on “Apache tribe”)

American Indians

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Funny Change of Address Cards

“Creations” from Peter Wuebker, currently of Hanalei, Kauai, Hawaii

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Some Retro Style Travel Posters

These are retro-style posters, not reproductions of vintage travel posters.

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Old Geronimo Catcher

Old Geronimo Catcher

“The Indian in his mode of warfare is more than the equal of the white man, and it would be practically impossible with white soldiers to subdue the Chiricahuas in their own haunts… In fighting them we must of necessity be the pursuers, and unless surprised by sudden and unexpected attack, the advantages are all in their favor… The first great difficulty to be met is to locate them, and this must be done by Indian scouts…” – General George Crook1

Titled Old Geronimo Catcher,  the subject in this c1904 photograph by Edward S. Curtis is likely one of the Apache scouts who participated in the hunt and capture of Geronimo. (Library of Congress image)


1  The Indian Scouts, With Special Attention to the: Evolution, Use, and Effectiveness of the Apache Indian Scouts by Dan L. Thrapp


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Old Geronimo Catcher

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Apache (Just a sample of what’s available on a Google search on “Apache tribe”)

American Indians

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Patient Toil

Patient Toil - Moki pueblos, Arizona (between 1898 and 1905)Moki pueblos, Arizona (between 1898 and 1905)
Detroit Publishing Co. no. “51208”;
photomechanical print : photochrom, color.
Library of Congress image

Launched as a photographic publishing firm in the late 1890s, The Detroit Photographic Company, later the Detroit Publishing Company, obtained exclusive right for use of the Swiss “Photochrom” process. This process permitted the mass production of color postcards, prints, and albums for sale to the American market. In 1897, landscape photographer, William Henry Jackson, joined the firm, adding Jackson’s thousands of negatives to the photographic inventory.

While looking for more information on this image, I found a larger digital version, from which the image above was cropped and colorized. The image background is also altered on the photochrom version, making it more dramatic.

The title inked on the glass plate and penciled on the negative envelope reads:

Moki pueblo, patient toil

Patient Toil - Moki pueblos, Arizona (between 1898 and 1905) b&w

Image is from an 8 x 10 in. glass negative archived at the Denver Public Library.  It’s attributed to William Henry Jackson.

Description: “View of a Native American (Hopi) woman and a boy on the Hopi Indian Reservation, Arizona. The woman wears a dress and a shawl and has a fabric strap balanced on her head to support a fabric bundle with probably a baby inside. She holds a cup in her hands. A boy wears a shirt and pants with suspenders. Rocky mesas are in the distance.”

It turns out that both images were in the Detroit Photographic inventory as early as 1899.

An 1899 Detroit Photographic catalog lists Moki Pueblo. Patient Toil with the number 05710, the same title and number inked on the black and white glass plate.  It is included in Part II which includes plain photographs and hand colored photographs.  The other photo, with the catalog number 51208, is included in Part I under Aäc Color Photography. Describing it, the catalog says, “The Aäc Process of Color Photography is the only successful means yet known of producing directly without the aid of hand color work, a photograph in the colors of nature.” Aäc is another term for photochrom.


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Hopi

American Indians

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Big Head

Big Head (frontal)

 Head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front.
Photo created about 1905 by Edward S. Curtis.
Library of Congress image


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Ben Long Ear

A pair of old pictures, rather than being worth the proverbial thousand words each, leave more questions than answers.

Who was this man? What tribe? Who was his family?  Where did they live? Why was he imprisoned? How long was he in? to mention just a few.

Ben Long Ear

Half-length portrait, facing front;
Photo created about 1905 by Edward S. Curtis.
Library of Congress image.

Ben Long Ear was born about 1875.  On December 16, 1886, age 13, he arrived at the famed Carlisle Indian Industrial School where he was supposed stay 5 years, until he was 18.  He was sent home, departing Carlisle September 17, 1890, according to his Carlisle Descriptive and Historical Record of Student. Follow-up information shows that he was a farmer in 1910 and 1913.

In the 1893, Annual report of the commissioner of Indian affairs, Benjamin Long Ears is recorded as a cooper’s apprentice.

A Spokane Daily Chronicle article, January 10, 1906, relates an “elopement” of Ben Long Ear, son of Chief Big Medicine, with Mrs. Crooked Arm, both married to others. In related articles in other papers, United States authorities are said to be looking for the runaways. (Other sources indicate that he was Big Medicine’s son-in-law, husband of Grace Big Medicine.)

washingtom times

Indians Who Eloped Charged With Bigamy

Cody, Wyo. April 2 – Ben Long Ear and Mrs. Crooked Arm, the Crow buck and squaw who eloped from the Crow agency in January, have been returned to the reservation by officers.

When they left the agency, Mrs. Crooked Arm took her little papoose and $300 of her husband’s money.  Crooked Arm said he didn’t care for the money, but wanted his papoose back.  Mrs. Long Ear, who was deserted, says she still loves her husband and will gladly take him back.

The couple will be tried on the charge of bigamy.  Long Ear is ill from exposure in evading arrest.

In trouble with federal authorities in 1906 and a farmer in 1910 and 1913. What happened after that?

Ben Long Ear at McNeil Island Penitentiary

Ben Long Ear,  Inmate #2454, 1914
McNeil Island Federal Penitentiary, Washington
National Archives image.

Did this man commit crimes that actually harmed others?  Were his offenses a result of indigenous people running up against the morality of the newcomers to the land?  Was he railroaded so that others could take some advantage?

It appears that the answer may be murder.

Joseph discusses how Indian policeman, including Fire Bearer, were expected to control alcohol during prohibition cattle rustlers, such as Garvin, convicted murderers, such as Ben Long Ears, and horse thieves, such as Cherokee Cherry Adams. (Summary of oral interview of Joseph Medicine Crow)


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Ben Long Ear

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Crow People

American Indians

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Big Head

Big Head (side)

Big Head, head-and-shoulders portrait, turned left.
Photo created about 1905 by Edward S. Curtis.
Library of Congress image

(tribe not identified)

Big Head cards

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We-Ton

We-Ton (Native American)

We-Ton, half-length portrait, facing front.
Photo created about 1900 by Edward S. Curtis.
Library of Congress image

(tribe not identified)

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Tah It Way

Tah It Way

Head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front, peace pipe on right.
Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress image) c. 1905
Tribe not identified.

Portrait of a Man in Partial Native Dress with Peace Medal and Pipe
Copyright 03 Oct 1905
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland
(reference page)

http://rlv.zcache.com/tah_it_way_native_american_cards-ra14cb8823f43474989d512f06fdcd6c0_xvuat_8byvr_324.jpg

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and more from Google search on American Indian

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